M42

M42
M42

The brightest gas nebula visible in the northern hemisphere. A massive and young star forming region 1350 light years from earth.

Visible by the naked eye it is nevertheless a challenge to get nice pictures, at least from my location: pretty low in the south and additionally moving into the light dome of a nearby city after meridian transit. Not to mention weather issues …

From the technical point of view image processing is not easy due to the enormous dynamic range in the image: the faint outer parts consisting of fine dust and week hydrogen emission and the very bright inner parts mainly consisting of reflected light from the innermost very powerful and massive stars.

The first image represents a view as the nebula would appear to the eye ( if the eye would be more sensitive and could handle the dynamic range). Is is composed from exposures in the red, green and blue channel (RGB).
The second image uses exposures taken with narrow band filters for the H, SII and OIII spectral lines and combines them using the Foraxx palette.
The third image is sort of a SHO palette which combines the narrow band exposures in different way to a colorized image.
The fourth image is essentially the first RGB image with the narrow band exposures softly blended in.

The stars in all images are RGB stars from the first image.

Borg 90FL
1.08 Flattener
ZWO OAG
ASI 2600MM Pro
ZWO EFW
Baader Ultra-Narrowband 3.5/4nm and RGB filters
H: 40x180s
OIII: 43x180s
SII: 40x180s
R: 249x30s
G: 285x30s
B: 216x30s each
Total Integration: 12h24m over 5 nights
Bortle 4-5

PixInsight
GraXpert
Photoshop

M42
M42 Foraxx Palette
M42
M42 SHO
M42
M42 RGB with blended S, H and O
M42
M42 Annotated